Menopause and Heart Disease

Many women think that heart disease is a man's disease. It isn't. Heart disease is the number one killer of women. In fact, after age 50, nearly half of all deaths in women are due to some form of cardiovascular disease.

Once women reach the age of 50, about the age of natural menopause, their risk for heart disease increases dramatically. Young women who have undergone early or surgical menopause, who do not take estrogen, also have higher chances of having heart disease. Women who have gone through menopause are at even greater risk if they also have any of these health and lifestyle conditions:

• Diabetes
• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• High LDL (low density lipoproteins) or "bad" cholesterol
• Low HDL (high density lipoproteins) or "good" cholesterol
• Obesity
• Inactive lifestyle
• Family history of heart disease

Race appears to play a role in your heart risk. Black people are more likely than white people to have severe high blood pressure, as well as heart disease. Heart disease risk is also higher among Mexican Americans, native Americans, native Hawaiians, and some Asian Americans. This may be partly because of higher rates of obesity and diabetes.

How Can Menopausal Women Reduce Their Risk of Heart Disease?

A healthy lifestyle goes a long way in preventing heart disease in women. Incorporating the following tips into your everyday life may help you reduce your risk of heart disease during and after menopause:

• Avoid or quit smoking. Smokers have twice (or higher) the risk of heart attack than nonsmokers. In addition to eliminating cigarettes, stay away from secondhand smoke, as it also increases the risk of heart disease.
• Maintain a healthy body weight. The more you are over your ideal weight, the harder your heart has to work to give your body nutrients. Research has shown that being overweight contributes to the onset of heart disease.
• Exercise throughout the week. The heart is like any other muscle -- it needs to be worked to keep it strong and healthy. Being active or exercising regularly (ideally, at least 150 minutes total each week) helps improve how well the heart pumps blood through your body. Activity and exercise also help reduce many other risk factors. It helps lower high blood pressure and cholesterol, reduces stress, helps keep weight off, and improves blood sugar levels. Check with your doctor if you have been inactive before increasing your activity level.
• Eat well. Follow a diet low in saturated fat; low in trans fat (partially hydrogenated fats); and high in fiber, whole grains, legumes (such as beans and peas), fruits, vegetables, fish, folate-rich foods, and soy.
• Treat and control medical conditions.Diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure make you more likely to have heart disease..

Can Hormone Replacement Therapy Impact My Risk of Heart Disease?

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and heart-related dangers have been the subject of many studies. There are indications of some possible benefits, depending on your age.

Women who became menopausal less than 10 years before starting HRT have no increased risk of a heart attack. The same holds true for those who were between the ages of 50 and 59 while taking it.

Younger women also show no risk and may even find their risks lowered. Still, women over the age of 60 or who became menopausal more than 10 years ago, could have a slightly increased risk of a heart attack.

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